托福词汇 | 带你一起学习托福单词之【环境科学】,两周过去,又到了我们的学科单词时间啦,从这周开始,我们就要进入到自然科学的范畴,自然科学可以说是囊括了最多下属学科的一个大类,我们常见的天文、物理、化学等等都属于自然科学。因此,自然科学将会是我们花最多时间去介绍单词的一个大类,那么今天我们从环境科学(environmental science)入手。说到环境科学,还是有不少同学会觉得,环境科学不就是和环境污染相关的嘛,从小到大这一类的文章可以说见过不少了,还有什么好说的呢?别急,先来看维基百科上面的解释是这样的:Environmental science is an interdisciplinary academic field that integrates physical, biological and information sciences to the study of the environment, and the solution of environmental problems。(环境科学是结合了物理,生物和信息科学到环境研究和环境问题的解决的跨学科学术领域)。那大家应该清楚,环境科学涉及到的单词是很全面的,来看看相关的单词吧!
关于环境科学的一些概念:
Solar energy 太阳能
Eco car 新能源汽车
Renewable energy 可再生能源
Sustainable energy 可持续能源
讲到环境,不能不提的就是水:
Hydrology n水文学
Arid adj干旱的
Harsh adj严酷的
Humid adj潮湿的
Moist n潮湿/adj潮湿的
Droplet n小水滴
Drought n干旱
(TPO3 passage2 Genetic engineering also may provide a partial solution, as new strains of drought-resistant crops continue to be developed.)
Current n流
ocean current洋流
Dam n大坝
Tidal adj潮汐的
(TPO22 passage1 Each tidal cycle carries plant material into the offshore water to be used by the subtidal organisms.)
Precipitation n降水量
(TPO26 passage2 Given a year of favorable precipitation, such plants will develop vigorously and produce large numbers of flowers and fruit.)
Reservoir n贮水池,水库
Deforest v砍伐森林
Desertification n沙漠化
(TPO2 passage1 The final major human cause of desertification is soil salinization resulting from overirrigation.)
同时现在我们也会越来越关注大气给环境带来的一系列效应:
Meteorology /?mi:ti??rɑ:l?d?i/ n气象学
Cyclone n龙卷风
Tornado n旋风
Typhoon n台风
Hurricane n飓风
(TPO14 passage2 but nevertheless they too must have faced risks of crop failures from droughts and hurricanes.)
Breeze /bri:z/ n微风
Thunder n雷
Fog n雾
Frost n霜
Ozone n臭氧
Ozonosphere n臭氧层
Avalanche n雪崩,山崩
(TPO1 passage3 Too much snow, for example, can smother trees, and avalanches and snow creep can damage or destroy them.)
Blizzard n暴风雪,雪暴
Contaminate v污染
Contamination n污染
pollute v污染
pollution n污染
pollutant n污染物
Sewage n污水
从环境中获取的能源种类:
Mechanical energy 机械能源
Thermal energy 热能
Nuclear energy 核能
(TPO50 passage3 We now know that stars are fueled by nuclear fusion.)
Chemical energy 化学能源
Electromagnetic energy 电磁能
Sonic energy 声能
Gravitational energy 重力能
Kinetic energy 动能
Potential energy 势能
Ionization energy 电离能
Fossil fuel 化石燃料
Natural gas 天然气
(TPO43 passage2 Petroleum is therefore a term that includes both oil and natural gas.)
Petroleum n石油
(TPO50 lecture4 Like coal and natural gas, petroleum has been formed over millions of years, from the remains of prehistoric plants and animals.)
因为环境科学的特性,所以还有很多单词较难进行归类,但是大家也要把他们都记忆下来哦!
Catalyst n催化剂
Churn up 搅拌
Decompose v分解
(TPO42 lecture3 A fungus secrets enzymes into the soil, enzymes that break down, decompose organic material in the soil.)
Deplete v耗尽,大量减少,使枯竭
Deploy v配置,部署
Devastation n破坏
Disposal n清理
Drain n/v排水
Drill v钻
Evacuate v撤退,撤离
Evacuation n撤离
Exploit v开发,开采
Explosive adj易爆的
Extract v提取
Forecast n预报
Obstruction n堵塞
Generate v使发生
Insulate v绝缘
Intensity n强度
Interdisciplinary adj跨学科的
Landfill n垃圾填满
Landslide n塌方
Monitor v/n监测,监控
Renewable adj可以再生的
(TPO44 lecture4 Now, there is growing interest these days in generating electricity from renewable energy sources, right?)
Non-renewable adj不可再生的
Sustainable adj可持续的
(TPO40 lecture2 A private owner would want to manage the resource efficiently in a sustainable way.)
Noxious adj有毒的
Purify v净化
Reactor n反应堆
Transplant v移植
Yield n产量/v屈服,放弃
(TPO39 lecture4 It's possible to get a vastly better energy yield on cellulose-based or cellulosic ethanol.)
最后的保留节目依旧是实操环节,本次的题目如下:
听力:TPO3 lecture1 humming birds
阅读:TPO4 passage3 Petroleum Resources