5分钟帮你搞定托福词汇第一期 —— 植物学
接触过托福的同学应该都知道,在托福阅读或听力讲座中,涉及的学科范围很广,主要分为生命科学、人文科学、自然科学、社会科学四个大类,这四个大类下面分别还有一些小的类别。这让不少同学对这种专业性较强的文章一直是“闻风丧胆”,以至于发出这样的感慨“这些专业性较强的文章,中文我都不一定会,还要用英文去理解,真是难为我胖虎了”
而托福的文章内容就真的这么晦涩难懂吗?其实还真不是,要知道,托福作为一个英语语言测试,是不会涉及到太深奥的学科知识的,可以说只要你具备基本的信息获取和理解能力,对于文本信息内容的理解就不在话下。但为什么大家还是会觉得难呢?其中一个原因就在于,这些讲座中的部分学术词汇日常比较少见,对它们的意思和读音都不够熟悉,这些单词要是都没有见过听过,就更不用说是是全文的深度理解了。
为了帮助各位考生突破学术背景词汇带来的理解困难,下面给大家总结了生命科学类中植物学的学科词汇及读音、含义,赶紧动脑记下来吧。
Flora /?fl?:r?/ n 植物,植物界
示例 TPO29 Listening Lecture 1
There's a link between biodiversity and pedodiversity, an obvious relationship between soils and flora and fauna
Botany/?b?:t?ni <sound://bbotany_ggn_r1_oa027760.spx>/ n植物学
Botanical?/b??t?n?kl <sound://bbotanical_ggj_r1_oa027770.spx>/ n植物学的
“植物学”这个词,来源于法语的botanique,这里插播一个小故事,在澳大利亚有个海湾,就是以botany这个词命名的
这个海湾以丰富多样的植物种类让17世纪初登澳大利亚的欧洲殖民者大为惊叹而得名Botany Bay。
Plant/pl?nt/ n植物
alpine/??lpa?n/ plant 高山植物
marsh/mɑ:r?/ plant 沼泽植物
host/ho?st/ plant 宿主植物
示例 TPO48 Listening lecture 3
And it always makes its way back to the host plant to feed, guided by the ants, the ant escort service, so to speak.
针对某一株植物的不同部分进行细分
Shoot system 茎叶系统
Flower /?fla??(r)/ 花
Lateral bud 侧芽
Vegetative shoot 营养枝
示例 TPO1 Listening Lecture 4
vegetative parts of a plant's herbs and the flowers the marmots like to eat
Node /no?d/ 茎节(叶子或者树枝从主茎杆长出的地方)
Internode /?n?t?:no?d / 节间(两个茎节之间的部分)
Leaf /li:f/ 叶子
Stem /stem/ 茎
示例 TPO19Listening Lecture 3
carrying it down the leaves through the stems and into the roots
Root system 根系
Taproot /?t?pru:t/ 主根
Lateral branch roots 侧向支根
来源:<https://www.sciencefacts.net/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/Parts-of-a-Tree-Diagram.jpg>
Crown /kra?n/ 树冠
Twig /tw?g/ 细枝,嫩枝
示例TPO20Listening Lecture 4
The hare actually has abundant food in the small twigs it finds.)
Branch /br?nt?/ 树枝
示例TPO32 Listening Conversation 2
scientists found evidence that ancient people had been harvesting the branches from pistachio and almond trees
Fruit /fru:t/ 果实
Foliage / ?fo?li?d?/ 枝叶(总称)
Trunk /tr??k/ 树干
Roof hairs 根须
那了解完单一植物的各部分,我们再来看看不同的植物类型和植物的栖息地
来源:<https://www.naturewatch.ca/plantwatch/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2014/07/plant_en.jpg>
Shrub /?r?b/ n灌木
示例TPO 8 Listening Lecture 1
They clearly prefer hard wood forests with dense shrubs, bushes underneath the trees.
Herb /h?:rb; h?:rb/ n草本植物
示例 TPO18 Listening Lecture 3
Technically speaking, a spice is part of an aromatic plant that is not a leaf or herb.
Fern n蕨类植物
Algae /??lgi:/ 藻,海藻
Forest /?f?:r?st; ?fɑ:r?st/ n森林;林区
Meadow /?medo?/ n草地,牧场
Prairie /?preri/ n大草原,牧场
示例TPO4 Reading Passage 1
The other species, the Columbian white-tailed deer, in earlier times was common in the open prairie country
Wetland /?wetl?nd/ n湿地,沼泽地
Bog /b?:g/ n沼泽,泥塘
Tundra /?t?ndr?/ n冻原,苔原(树木不生,底土常年冰冻的北极地区)
示例 TPO36 Reading Passage 1
Thus prairies and tundra regions, which have characteristic vegetations, also have characteristic soils.
除此之外,还有很多和植物学息息相关的词汇,继续往下看哦
Photosynthesis /?fo?to? ?s?nθ?s?s/ n光合作用
示例TPO9 reading Passage 3
The algae capture the sun's energy by photosynthesis and store it in organic molecules
Symbiosis /?s?mba??o?s?s/ 共生(关系)
Log /l?:g; lɑ:g/ n原木
Timber /?t?mb?(r)/ n木材,木料
示例TPO25 Reading Passage 2
The step from buying foreign timber to buying foreign ships was regarded as a short one
Nectar /?nekt?(r)/ n 花蜜
Pollen /?pɑ:l?n/ n花粉
示例TPO32 Reading Passage 3
they gather nectar and pollen from a wide variety of flowers.
Pollinate /?pɑ:l ?ne?t/ v授粉;传粉
Pollination / ?pɑ:l ??ne??n/ n授粉;传粉
Cross-breed v使杂交;杂交繁育
Sprout /spra?t/ v发芽;抽芽;抽条;生长
Shoot /?u:t/ n幼苗;嫩芽;新枝
Shell /?el/ v给…去壳
Cluster /?kl?st?(r)/ n(同类物丛生或聚集的)簇,团,束,串
示例 TPO45 Reading Passage 2
dense cylindrical clusters of small, petalless flowers
看完这么多,大家对植物学的生词应该都掌握的不错了,不过单词背完终究还是要付诸实践,这里给大家提供相关的真题作为日常练手,练习完可以将正确率评论告诉我们哦!
听力:TPO2 Listening Lecture 2 Manila Hemp
阅读:TPO1 Passage 3 Timberline Vegetation on Mountains
最后关于托福考试更多问题欢迎直接咨询老师即可哦~