最近大家的学习进度咋样？话题过完多少了？是否有充分的口语输出练习？如果你的一切都还很慢的话，你得抓紧喽！毕竟新题已经出来有一段时间了，如果你还只是完成了一小部分，那肯定对最后的拿分而言是非常不利的事情。
这周的第一篇讲解我选择了《雇佣很多员工的公司》，这道题其实和上上季度的《成功的小公司》非常相似。
你一定会问明明一个是大公司，一个是小公司，这两道题怎么可能一样。是的，虽然这两道题的公司有着规模上的差异，但它们都属于公司，为此，分析的角度一致。
Describe a company that employs a lot of people
You should say:
What it does
How many people it employs
What kind of people work there
And explain how you feel about it
既然如此，我们先抛弃话题的定语部分，着力于核心关键词"company"的维度拆分。
“Company”维度拆分：
1. Popularity 受欢迎程度
提到“公司”，我们可以考虑它的受欢迎程度。紧接着，我们可以进一步阐述它为什么受欢迎以及怎样的受欢迎。
2. History 历史
公司的历史可长可短。对于大公司/家族企业而言，它们的历史一般要久远一点；小公司的历史相对较短。
3. Name 名字
虽然大多数公司的名字没有拓展的必要，但有些公司的名字很有意思，我们就可以拓展一下它的来源和含义，比如：哇唧唧哇娱乐文化有限公司。
4. Work place 工作地点
我们在阐述工作地点时，可以给到“Location”相关的信息，同时也可以对公司环境进行介绍。公司环境的描述可以直接从“Appearance”的角度着手，我们可以进一步思考它的大小、颜色、形状、装饰物（设施）、风格和材料。针对公司大小的阐述，我们可以从公司办公区域的大小和员工人数着手。
5. Working hours 工作时间
工作时间分为两种—Flexible & Inflexible。前者说明公司办公模式比较传统，基于996的上班模式；后者代表公司办公模式比较自由现代，并没有强制性的上班时间。
6. Founder 创始人
公司的创始人是属于“People”的范畴，所以我们可以从相对应的人的角度着手进行细节拓展。比如：Age/ Gender/ Occupation/ Personality/ Education/ Background/ Zodiac sign/ Health/ Sexuality/ Family background等。
7. Employees 员工
和“创始人”，员工也是“People”的范畴。当我们阐述员工时，你可以根据你选择的角度分别给出它们的利弊关系。比如：我从“Age”着手分析这个公司的员工情况。如果大多数是年轻人，它的利就是充满活力和创造力，它的弊则是缺乏工作经验。反之亦然。
8. Clients/ Customers 客户/ 顾客
等同于前两个角度，对于客户/顾客的分析，我们依旧可以从“Peopel”的角度着手给出更多的细节拓展。
9. Investors 投资人
“投资人”这个角度基本是被大家忽略的，但却是我高度推荐的。投资人对一家公司的发展非常重要，他们不仅为公司的发展提供资金上的帮助，同时他们还会提供很多优良资源。比如：阿里投资微博，微博则可享受淘宝带来的资源。除此以外，如果一家公司能获得顶尖投资人的投资，这也就意味着它本身就是一家有潜力的公司。这些顶尖的投资人最终可以让它瞬间获得名气。
10. Organizational and management structures 组织管理架构
这个角度相对而言比较有难度，但我们可以简单点来了解。目前我知道的组织管理架构分两种：Flat management (扁平化管理模式) & Hierarchy management (阶层式管理)。前者更多的应用于创业公司，这种管理模式下工作相对更为高效；后者常出现在成熟型的公司里，但受阶层影响，灵活性相对较差。
11. Regulations 规章制度
公司会有各自的规章制度，你也可以把它理解成学校的校规。鉴于规章制度涉及的面很广，我们可以把重点放在“奖惩机制”上。
12. Benefits 福利
大家普遍都会关注到“福利”这个角度，它是公司人性化的体现。即便如此，大家对福利的了解却又很少，基本能想到的就是“五险一金”。但为了更好的吸引人才，公司的推出了五花八门的福利套餐，比如：公司养猫、公费旅行、带娃上班、孝基金 (每个月你从工资里拿出5%的钱, 公司也给出同样的钱一起打到父母的账户中)等。
13. Success 成就
公司也会有成就。这些成就可能体现在产品研发上，也有可能是它们为社会做的贡献上，比如慈善事业。
14. Product items 产品项目
我们可以把公司的产品看作“物品”，虽然有些只是提供服务。为此，当我们在阐述产品时，我们可以从物品的角度着手进行细节拓展，包括：Type/ Price/ Quality/ Quantity/ Function/ Brand/ Popularity/ Appearance/ History/ Designer等。
15. Revenue 收益
谈及公司的收益，我们并不会了解太多。为此，我们没有必要给出具体的数值，只需要大概的说明，比如：收益在同类型公司中排第一。
16. Company culture 企业文化
企业文化包括目标、愿景、口号等。除此之外，它还包括了公益事业，因为公益体现一个公司对社会的责任感。
17. How you know about it 你怎么知道的
毋庸置疑，这个角度依旧是存在的。为此，我们还是可以用到【认知过程-目前结果】这一解题结构 。
有了以上的维度，我们便可完成接下去的小问题。同时也要注意，维度不仅仅是用于part 2的，它也是part 3解题的关键。
比如，针对这个话题，考官一定会问的就是有关大小公司的比较。为此，你需要从以上维度着手来找出两者的差异点。参考文章：雅思part 3素材 | 你以为你对大公司了解多少（点击标题查看原文）
好了，现在我们来看具体的话题解析。
01
What it does
其实在给出第一问回答前，很多同学会比较纠结我到底可以讲什么公司？我给出的意见是不需要过分纠结。你身边的任何一个花钱购买的东西都代表一家公司，比如：化妆品公司/服装公司/房地产公司/高科技公司/食品加工公司/饮料公司/ 文具公司等。
明确了公司以后，我们就需要来看一看第一小问该怎么回答。这道题本身需要我们给出的是有关公司业务方面的内容，但鉴于是第一小问，我们也可以给出一些和公司相关的背景信息，比如：受欢迎程度/ 创始人/ 历史/ 地址等较为基础的信息。
那么在具体回答公司业务时，我们又可以按主次或时间线进行拆分。它的核心业务，次要业务；之前主推业务，目前的转型业务。
Example one：location+business (主次 )
A company that comes to mind is a cosmetics company. It was based in the north of my city. When it expanded, it moved to my district and now it is just down the road 就在路边 from me. The company is famous for its well priced, vibrant 颜色鲜艳的 colourful lipsticks which are a huge hit with young people. Currently, they are developing two other lines, foundations 粉底液 and eyeshadows 眼影. Because of their unique design and high quality, they will sell like hot cakes 热销.
Example two：founder (personality)+business (时间线)
I am going to talk about a beverage company 饮料公司 in my city. It is a family run business 家族企业 and was set up by two brothers about 50 years ago. Both of them are very diligent 勤劳的and energetic. With their hard work and dedication, the company soon became one of the top 500 companies in my country. Actually, in the very beginning, they started with only bottled water. The clean water and creative packaging helped them win a huge market. Now they focus more on energy drinks and sodas.
02
How many people it employs
针对第二小问的拓展困扰了多数同学，感觉这是一句话就能讲完的事又该如何给出更多的信息点。
首先，我们可以按时间线来思考公司人数的变化，及其变化原因；
其次，我们也可以按主次来拆分公司人数，具体拆分依旧可以是按地域或者部门分布来做具体说明。比如：公司总共20000人，其中总部杭州占了1/3，剩下的分布在其他各大城市。
Example one：
In the very beginning, there were only 10 people in the whole company and most of them were family members. Thanks to their hard work, the company has taken off 成功. Now the company has over 2000 employees. Most of them are in charge of research and development of the new products. Some of them are responsible for sales and others work in customer service.
Example two：
Now they have over 10000 people in total. As Hangzhou is the headquarters 总部, over 2/3 of the employees are based in my city, but there are still 1/3 of them dotted 分布在 in every corner of the world.
03
What kind of people work there
首先，作为"what"类型的问题，我们需要依照"主次/时间线"来拓展这个小问题。按主次来，我们可以总结公司人员的主要特性和次要的一些特性；按时间线来，我们可以说明公司人员的变化情况。
不管是哪一种拓展方式，我们都需要结合"People"的维度来做具体的思考，比如：
-从"age"着手
可能这家公司多数是年轻人，接着我们就可以从年轻人的特性出发来说明他们给公司带来的好处和坏处。比如：经验不够丰富，但是足够精力充沛，同时也有很多创意的想法。
-从"education background"着手
可能这家公司多数员工都是名校毕业。这群人虽然需要给到足够高的工资，但他们有着超强的学习能力，同时也有足够的想法，为此他们会给公司带来更多的收益。
-从"health"着手
可能这家公司有一部分是残疾人。这也是公司社会责任感的体现，他们愿意接纳这批人，同时也愿意给他们公平的机会去赚到独立生活的资本。
-从"sexuality"着手
可能这家公司有一部分是来自LGBT群体的员工。虽然这群人饱受歧视和侮辱，但在这家公司他们有着平等的群里以及开放的工作环境。
人的维度还有很多，任何一个人的维度都可以用来分析这一道题。
Example one：
Actually most of the people working in the company are young graduates. Even though they don't have much in the way of work experience, they make up for it in energy and creativity. They have so many great ideas which help the company attract more young customers. More interestingly, over 10% of the employees are from LGBT groups. The company takes their equal opportunities policy seriously and would never discriminate when employing new staff.
Example two：
Actually in the past, the company didn't require employees to have a high qualifications. As long as you had the appropriate skills, you would be hired. However, now they have raised the standards in order to help company grow quickly, they recruited lots of graduates from top-notch universities 一流名校, like Tsinghua and Peking university. Even though it cost the company more, it paid off 有回报的, as the employees brought a lot of skills and talent. They were much better at problem solving and picked things up very quickly 学东西很快.
04
How you feel about it
针对这个小问题，很多同学的回答过于表面，同时没有很好的掌握答题方向，东一句西一句，最终答案就会变得非常散。针对这个小问题，我们可以先来设定自己的角色，也就是你是站在什么角色之上来聊你对这个公司的感受。
大致我们可以分为三类：顾客/ 员工/ 投资人。从这三种身份来看，我们对公司的感受也会越来越深入。
（1）Clients/ Customers 客户/顾客
从顾客视角出发，我们对一家公司的感受主要基于它的产品和服务。为此，从产品本身出发，我们可以聊聊它们的类型、包装、价格、质量、功能等特性；从服务出发，我们可以从售前和售后服务来给出自己的想法。
Example one：Product 产品
I really like the company and it has completely changed my attitude towards Chinese brands which I have often seen as poor quality. Their whole makeup line is high quality, but a fraction of the price 一小部分的钱 of luxurious brands, like Chanel and Dior. They also have a slick design 精致的包装 which make them stand out. Because of this, I highly recommend the company to all of my friends.
Example two：Service 服务
I am a huge fan of the company and I am really impressed with its service. They have an app where you can order food directly and they deliver it to your door.
As they know customers can be indecisive 纠结的, they have a feature on their app which stores customer data according to their preferences. They also give recipe suggestions which I find really helpful. Every time I have used it, the food has been fresh and the delivery has been fast.
（2)Employees 员工
从员工视角来看，我们对公司的感受主要来自于员工、老板、工作时间、工作地点、福利、薪资、工作要求、制度等。鉴于多数同学都会从福利着手，我更会推荐你从“工作时间”、“工作地点”出发来回答问题。目前有一类公司采取“云办公”的模式，员工可以散落在世界上各个角度，同时大家可以工作内容安排自己的工作时间。也正是如此，很多人都是一边旅行，一边工作，非常自由。
Example one：Working hours/ Work place 工作时间/ 工作地点 I really love the company and would like to work there in the future. They are very flexible when it comes to working hours and they don’t mind if you decide to work from home. This is a huge attraction for many people especially if they have children. It also means you don’t have to deal with office politics 办公室政治.
Example two：Leader/ benefits 领导/ 福利
I feel very lucky to be a part of the company, mainly because of my boss. Unlike bosses in other companies who are cold and mean 吝啬的, our boss cares about us and he is very generous. We get a great salary with many perks 额外津贴. We also get to take a trip together every August.
We stay in luxurious hotels and eat very well. It is a kind of team building activity which we all appreciate. He also lets us bring our children to work, as there is a crèche [kre?] 托儿所 for them to play. I really don’t know any other companies who are this kind and considerate. Nobody ever leaves.
Example three：Employees 员工
I really enjoy working for this company mostly because of the work environment. Everyone treats each other like they are family so you always feel at home working there. There are no office politics like in most other companies, the people are warm and kind and will help you with anything you need. I think it is a great place to work.
(3) 投资人
从投资人视角来看，我们对公司的感受主要来自管理、收益、企业文化等比较高的层面。但是这一块相对较难，如果你本身对公司不是很了解的，你可以直接从前两个视角着手进行回答。
Example one：Revenue 收益
I think it’s a very promising company. Even though it has only been around for a few years, it has surpassed 超越 every other start-up company in terms of success and popularity. Their annual revenue for last year went through the roof 飞涨. Because of this, they have attracted many investors, including Jack Ma, the founder of Alibaba and Pony Ma, the founder of Tencent.
Example two：Enterprise culture (Charity work) 企业文化
I am intrigued by the company, as they have a good sense of social responsibility 社会责任感. Even though they are a small company, from the start they have always been involved in charity. Every month, they donate at least 10,000 yuan to students from poor families so they can continue with their education. Last year, they even donated 1/4 of their revenue so the charity could build a primary school in the west of China. They named it “Sunlight primary school”. Their aim is to bring children hope and give them a safe place to study.
看完四小问的拆分，你有想好自己要说啥了不？
参考答案：【雇佣很多员工的公司】
What it does
A company that comes to mind is a cosmetics company. It was based in the north of my city. When it expanded, it moved to my district and now it is just down the road from me. The company is famous for its well priced, vibrant colourful lipsticks which are a huge hit with young people. Currently, they are developing two other lines, foundations and eyeshadows. Because of their unique design and high quality, they will sell like hot cakes.
How many people it employs
Now they have over 10000 people in total. As Hangzhou is the headquarters, over 2/3 of the employees are based in my city, but there are still 1/3 of them dotted in every corner of the world.
What kind of people work there
Actually most of the people working in the company are young graduates. Even though they don't have much in the way of work experience, they make up for it in energy and creativity. They have so many great ideas which help the company attract more young customers. More interestingly, over 10% of the employees are from LGBT groups. The company takes their equal opportunities policy seriously and would never discriminate when employing new staff.
And explain how you feel about it
I really like the company and it has completely changed my attitude towards Chinese brands which I have often seen as poor quality. Their whole makeup line is high quality, but a fraction of the price of luxurious brands, like Chanel and Dior. They also have a slick design which make them stand out. Because of this, I highly recommend the company to all of my friends.
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